Racing Years Logo
Sign Up    Login    Premium   
  • Formula
    • Formula 1
    • IndyCar
    • Formula 2
    • Formula 3
    • Super Formula
    • Formula E
    • Indy NXT
    • Formula 3
      • Europe
      • Great Britain
      • Germany
      • France
      • International
      • Japan
      • Super Formula Lights
      • Spain
      • EuroFormula Open
      • Eurocup-3
      • Sudamericana
      • E3
      • Italy
      • Austria
      • Sweden
      • Australia
      • Brazil
      • Asia
      • ADAC-Preis der Formel 3
      • DDR
      • Nordic
    • Formula Regional
      • Europe
      • Middle East
      • Americas
      • Asia
      • Oceania
      • Japan
    • USF Pro 2000
    • USF2000
    • USF Juniors
    • Formula 4
      • Germany
      • Great Britain
      • Italy
      • France
      • EURO 4
      • United States
      • Australia
      • Denmark
      • Middle East
      • Spain
      • E4
      • UAE
      • GB4
      • Brazil
      • F1 Academy
      • Japan
      • ACCR
      • Winter Series
      • Saudi Arabia
      • Formula Trophy UAE
    • Australian Formula S5000
  • Former Formula
    • Pre-Formula 1
      • AIACR European
      • AIACR World Manufacturers
      • Grandes Épreuves
      • Grand Prix Seasons
      • Voiturettes
    • Formula 2
      • European
      • British
      • Trophées de France
      • Italy
      • Australia
      • East German
      • West German
    • GP2
    • GP3
    • World Series by Renault
    • Formula 3000
    • US Series
      • CART
      • USAC
      • AAA Championship
    • Tasman Series
    • World Series by Nissan
    • Japan Series
      • Formula Nippon
      • Formula 3000
      • Formula 2
      • Formula 2000
    • Formula Renault
      • Eurocup
      • Great Britain
      • France
      • Italy
      • Germany
      • Alps
      • 1.6 European
      • Northern Cup
      • West European Cup
      • Brazil
      • Netherlands
      • Spain
      • Switzerland
      • Asia
      • Argentina
    • Auto GP Series
    • Formula Renault V6 Eurocup
    • Formula V6 Asia
    • W-Series
    • Formula Atlantic
      • Canada/US
      • British
      • South Africa
    • Formula Pacific
      • New Zealand
      • Australia
      • Japan
      • Southeast Asia
    • Formula Junior
      • Great Britain
      • Italy
      • France
      • Germany
      • DDR
      • Rest
    • ACF Championnat de France
    • Formula 5000
      • Europe
      • USA
    • British Formula 1
    • South African F1
    • A1 Grand Prix
    • International Formula Master
    • Formula BMW
      • ADAC
      • Europe
      • UK
      • USA
      • Pacific
    • ADAC Formel Masters
    • Australian Gold Star
    • New Zealand Gold Star
    • Superleague Formula
    • Formula Holden
    • Formula Palmer Audi
    • Formula Abarth
    • Fórmula Azzurra
    • GM-Lotus Euroseries
    • Formula Opel Euroseries
    • European Formula Super VW
    • Formula Vauxhall
    • Formula König
    • Argentina
      • Temporada Argentina
      • Formula 1 Mecánica
    • Formula B
      • SCCA
      • Canada
    • German Formula Opel
    • Non-Championship Races
  • Endurance
    • World Endurance
    • IMSA
    • GT World Challenge
      • Europe
      • Intercontinental
      • America
      • Asia
      • Australia
    • European Le Mans Series
    • ADAC GT Masters
    • Asian Le Mans Series
    • International GT Open
    • GT4
      • Europe
      • ADAC
      • America
      • Winter Series
      • Italy
      • Scandinavia
      • Australia
    • Japanese Series
      • Super GT
      • Grand Touring Car
    • British GT
    • Le Mans Cup
    • FFSA GT
    • GT America
    • Italian GT
    • Supercar Challenge
    • IMSA Sports Car Challenge
    • IMSA Michelin Pilot Challenge
    • 24H Series
    • 24H Series Middle East
    • GT2 European Series
    • Winter Series
      • GT
      • Prototype
  • Former Endurance
    • World Sportscar
    • American Le Mans Series
    • Intercontinental Le Mans Cup
    • Blancpain GT Series
    • GT World Cup
    • FIA GT
    • FIA GT1
    • FIA GT3
    • Can-Am
    • FIA Sportscars
    • European GT
    • European Sportscar
    • United States Road Racing
    • Interseries
    • British Sports Car
    • German Supercup
    • Championnat de France
    • South African Springbok Trophy
    • Formula Vauxhall
    • GT Asia Series
    • Non-Championship Races
  • Touring
    • NASCAR
      • Cup
      • Xfinity
      • Truck
      • Euro Series
      • Brasil Sprint Race
    • DTM
    • World Touring Car
    • British Touring Car
    • European Touring Car
    • Germany
      • DRM
      • DRT
      • Super Tourenwagen Cup
      • V8 Star
    • Australia
      • Supercars
      • Super2
      • Super3
      • Manufacturers´ Champ.
    • TCR
      • World Tour
      • International
      • Europe
      • Germany
      • Italy
      • UK
      • Scandinavia
      • Benelux
      • Australia
      • North America
      • South America
      • Spain
      • Denmark
      • Russia
      • Asia
      • China
      • Korea
      • Malaysia
      • Eastern Europe
      • Japan
      • Winter Series
      • TC America
    • Brazil
      • Stock Car Pro Series
      • Stock Car Light
    • Porsche Cup
      • Supercup
      • Germany
      • Great Britain
      • France
      • Brazil
      • Scandinavia
      • Australia
      • Italy
      • Benelux
      • Middle East
      • North America
      • Southern Europe
      • Asia
      • Japan
      • France Sprint
      • USA West
    • Argentina
      • Turismo Carretera
      • Súper TC 2000
      • TC 2000
    • ARCA
    • ARCA East Series
    • ARCA West Series
    • Supertourisme
    • Scandinavian Touring Car
    • Japanese Touring Car
    • Swedish Touring Car
    • Renault Sport Trophy
    • Italian Touring Car
    • FFSA Tourisme TC
    • Trans-Am
    • Procar BMW M1
    • Alpine Elf Europa Cup
    • Lamborghini Super Trofeo
      • Europe
      • North America
    • Mazda MX-5 Cup
    • Toyota GR Cup
    • Ferrari Challenge
      • Europe
      • North America
      • Asia-Pacific
      • Middle East
  • Karting
    • World Championships
      • KZ1
      • OK
      • KF1
      • Formula Super A
      • Formula A
    • European Championships
      • KZ1
      • KZ2
      • OK
      • KF1
      • KF2
      • Formula A
    • World Cup
      • KZ1 World Cup
      • KZ2 World Cup
      • KF2 World Cup
      • KF3 World Cup
    • WSK Euro Series
      • WSK Euro Series KZ
      • WSK Euro Series KZ1
      • WSK Euro Series KF1
      • WSK Euro Series KF2
      • WSK Euro Series KF3
      • WSK Euro Series SKF
    • WSK Master Series
      • WSK Master Series KZ
      • WSK Master Series KZ1
  • Ranking
  • Drivers
    • By country
    • Race by race
    • Head to head
  • Entrants
    • Head to head
  • Cars
    • Head to head
  • Donate
  • Contributions
  • FAQ
  • Home
  • Teams
  • Lee Glessner
  • Likes
  • Drivers
  • Stats
  • Overview
  • Lee Glessner

    Rate Lee Glessner

    0.0
    0 ratings
    1%
    % Wins
    0%
    % Poles
    0%
    % Fastest Laps

    107

    Entries

    1

    Wins

    0

    Pole Positions

    0

    Fastest Laps

    Overall Results

    • Races
    • Fastest Laps
    • Pole Positions
    • Wins
    • Standings

    Starts

    Pos Date Race Driver Chassis Championship Time/DNF
    DNQ1970-10-04 1970 USAC Sacramento 100 Bruce Jacobi Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1970-09-19 1970 USAC Sedalia 100 Bruce Jacobi Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1970-09-07 1970 USAC Bill Hays 100 Bruce Jacobi Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    41970-08-22 1970 USAC Tony Bettenhausen 100 Bruce Jacobi Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1969-09-06 1969 USAC Hoosier Hundred Bill Puterbaugh Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Engine
    DNF1969-09-01 1969 USAC Ted Horn Memorial Bill Puterbaugh Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Magneto
    DNF1969-08-18 1969 USAC Bettenhausen Memorial 100 Bill Puterbaugh Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Fuel Arrival
    111968-09-29 1968 USAC Golden State 100 Bruce Jacobi Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1968-09-07 1968 USAC Hoosier Hundred Bruce Jacobi Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    121968-09-02 1968 USAC Ted Horn Memorial 100 Bruce Jacobi Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    121967-09-09 1967 USAC Hoosier Hundred Rollie Beale Silnes - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1967-09-04 1967 USAC Ted Horn Memorial 100 Rollie Beale Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNF1967-08-19 1967 USAC Bettenhausen Memorial Rollie Beale Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Mechanical
    DNQ1966-05-30 XL International 500-Mile Sweepstakes Shorty Templeman Hillegass - Offenhauser Formula 1
    DNF1965-11-21 1965 USAC Bobby Ball 200 Greg Weld Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Mechanical
    DNF1965-10-24 1965 USAC Golden State 100 Bud Tingelstad Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Spin
    121965-09-26 1965 USAC Trenton 200 Greg Weld Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1965-09-18 1965 USAC Hoosier Hundred Greg Weld Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Magneto
    71965-09-06 1965 USAC Ted Horn Memorial 100 Bobby Unser Silnes - Offenhauser USAC
    71965-09-06 1965 USAC Ted Horn Memorial 100 Jim Hurtubise Silnes - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1964-09-26 1964 USAC Hoosier Hundred Dee Jones Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNS1964-09-07 1964 USAC Ted Horn Memorial 100 Dee Jones Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Clutch
    DNF1964-07-19 1964 USAC Trenton 150 Arnie Knepper Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Magneto
    91964-06-21 1964 USAC Langhorne 100 Mario Andretti Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1964-04-19 1964 USAC Trenton 100 Bob Harkey Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Spin
    DNQ1963-11-17 1963 USAC Bobby Ball 100 Bob Harkey Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNF1963-10-27 1963 USAC Golden State 100 Bob Harkey Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Overheating
    DNQ1963-09-22 1963 USAC Trenton 200 Ralph Liguori Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    161963-09-14 1963 USAC Hoosier Hundred Ralph Liguori Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1963-08-17 1963 USAC Bettenhausen Memorial 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Engine
    DNF1963-07-28 1963 USAC Trenton 150 Art Malone Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Engine
    81963-06-23 1963 USAC Langhorne 100 Ralph Liguori Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    131962-11-18 1962 USAC Bobby Ball 100 Ralph Liguori Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1962-10-28 1962 USAC Golden State 100 Ralph Liguori Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Mechanical
    121962-09-23 1962 USAC Trenton 200 Bob Mathouser Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1962-09-15 1962 USAC Hoosier Hundred Bob Mathouser Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    81962-09-08 1962 USAC Syracuse 100 Bob Mathouser Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    131962-08-26 1962 USAC II Langhorne 100 Bob Mathouser Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1962-08-19 1962 USAC Springfield 100 Bob Mathouser Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Magneto
    DNF1962-07-22 1962 USAC Trenton 150 Bob Mathouser Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Brakes
    111962-07-01 1962 USAC I Langhorne 100 Red Riegel Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1961-11-19 1961 USAC Phoenix 100 Red Riegel Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Oil Hose
    DNF1961-10-29 1961 USAC Sacramento 100 Red Riegel Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Spin
    DNQ1961-09-24 1961 USAC II Trenton 100 Cotton Farmer Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNQ1961-09-16 1961 USAC Hoosier 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNF1961-09-09 1961 USAC Syracuse 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Engine
    DNF1961-09-04 1961 USAC Ted Horn Memorial 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Mechanical
    71961-08-21 1961 USAC Springfield 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1961-06-18 1961 USAC Langhorne 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Spin
    DNQ1961-06-04 1961 USAC Rex Mays 100 Cotton Farmer Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNQ1961-04-09 1961 USAC I Trenton 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNF1960-11-20 1960 USAC Phoenix 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Lost Wheel
    DNQ1960-10-30 1960 USAC Sacramento 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNQ1960-09-25 1960 USAC II Trenton 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNF1960-09-17 1960 USAC Hoosier Hundred Cotton Farmer Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Spin
    DNQ1960-09-10 1960 USAC Syracuse 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    31960-09-05 1960 USAC Ted Horn Memorial 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1960-08-28 1960 USAC Milwaukee 200 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Oil Pressure
    DNF1960-08-20 1960 USAC Springfield 100 Cotton Farmer Silnes - Offenhauser USAC Engine
    41960-06-19 1960 USAC Langhorne 100 Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1960-06-05 1960 USAC Rex Mays Memorial Cotton Farmer Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    111960-04-10 1960 USAC I Trenton 100 Cotton Farmer Silnes - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1959-10-25 1959 USAC Golden State 100 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    81959-10-18 1959 USAC Bobby Ball Memorial 100 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1959-09-27 1959 USAC Trenton 100 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Spin
    DNF1959-09-19 1959 USAC Hoosier Hundred Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Fuel Pipe
    151959-09-12 1959 USAC Syracuse 100 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1959-09-07 1959 USAC Ted Horn Memorial 100 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNF1959-08-30 1959 USAC Milwaukee 200 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC Oil Leak
    131959-08-22 1959 USAC Springfield 100 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    31959-07-19 1959 USAC Williams Grove 25 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser Non-Championship Races
    111959-06-14 1959 USAC Langhorne 100 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    141959-06-07 1959 USAC Rex Mays Memorial Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    111959-04-19 1959 USAC Race of Champions 100 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    51959-04-04 1959 USAC Daytona 50 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser Non-Championship Races
    101959-04-04 1959 USAC Daytona 100 Jim Packard Meskowski - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1958-11-11 1958 USAC Bobby Ball Memorial Jim Packard Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    71958-10-26 1958 USAC Golden State 100 Jim Packard Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1958-09-28 1958 USAC II Trenton 100 Jim Packard Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC
    121958-09-13 1958 USAC Hoosier Hundred Jim Packard Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1958-09-06 1958 USAC Syracuse 100 Jim Packard Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    121958-09-01 1958 USAC Ted Horn Memorial 100 Jim Packard Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1958-08-24 1958 USAC Milwaukee 200 Jim Packard Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNF1958-08-16 1958 USAC Springfield 100 Jim Packard Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Magneto
    DNF1958-07-04 1958 USAC Atlanta 100 Jiggs Peters Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Rear End Gears
    DNQ1958-06-15 1958 USAC Langhorne 100 Norm Hall Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNF1957-11-11 1957 USAC Bobby Ball 100 Don Freeland Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Brakes
    DNQ1957-10-20 1957 USAC Golden State 100 Don Freeland Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNF1957-09-14 1957 USAC Hoosier Hundred 100 Don Freeland Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Engine Stalled
    121957-09-07 1957 USAC Syracuse 100 Don Freeland Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC
    DNQ1957-08-25 1957 USAC Milwaukee 200 Art Bisch Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    81957-08-17 1957 USAC Springfield 100 Don Freeland Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC
    41957-07-21 1957 USAC Williams Grove 50 Eddie Sachs Hillegass - Offenhauser Non-Championship Races
    111957-07-04 1957 USAC Atlanta 100 Don Edmunds Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1957-06-23 1957 USAC Detroit 100 Don Edmunds Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Shock Absorber
    DNQ1957-06-09 1957 Rex Mays Memorial Ken Gottschalk Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    121957-06-02 1957 USAC Langhorne 100 Ken Gottschalk Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC
    DNF1956-11-12 1956 USAC Bobby Ball 100 Tom Hinnershitz Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Engine
    DNQ1956-09-15 1956 USAC Hoosier Hundred Dick Rathmann Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    DNQ1956-09-08 1956 USAC Syracuse 100 Dick Rathmann Hillegass - Offenhauser USAC Too Slow
    Loading...please wait

    Fastest Laps

    No Fastest Laps

    Pole Positions

    No Pole Positions

    Standings

    Standings

    Position Driver Championship Year
    39Bruce Jacobi USAC 1970
    42Bill Puterbaugh USAC 1969
    55Bruce Jacobi USAC 1968
    60Rollie Beale USAC 1967
    14Jim Hurtubise USAC 1965
    7Bobby Unser USAC 1965
    20Bud Tingelstad USAC 1965
    52Greg Weld USAC 1965
    16Arnie Knepper USAC 1964
    10Bob Harkey USAC 1964
    11Mario Andretti USAC 1964
    41Dee Jones USAC 1964
    27Ralph Liguori USAC 1963
    24Bob Harkey USAC 1963
    34Red Riegel USAC 1962
    24Bob Mathouser USAC 1962
    36Ralph Liguori USAC 1962
    28Red Riegel USAC 1961
    19Cotton Farmer USAC 1961
    20Cotton Farmer USAC 1960
    35Jim Packard USAC 1959
    29Jim Packard USAC 1958
    20Art Bisch USAC 1957
    23Don Freeland USAC 1957
    32Don Edmunds USAC 1957
    38Ken Gottschalk USAC 1957
    12Eddie Sachs USAC 1956
    25Johnny Tolan USAC 1956
    21Andy Linden USAC 1956
    15Dick Rathmann USAC 1956

    Wins

    Championship Date Race Driver Chassis
    USAC 1956-07-14 1956 USAC Atlanta 100 Eddie Sachs Hillegass - Offenhauser

    Statistics

    Total Points 1 36.00
    Points / Finished Races 2 0.86
    Points / Race 0.34
    Wins / Finished Races 2.38 %
    Wins / Race 0.94 %
    Pole Positions / Race 0.00 %
    Fastest Laps / Race 0.00 %
    Abandons (%) 30.19 %
    Accidents (%) 0.00 %

    Help

    1 Based in the old Formula 1 points system:
    1st 10 Points
    2nd 6 Points
    3rd 4 Points
    4th 3 Points
    5th 2 Points
    6th 1 Point

    2 Based in the old Formula 1 points system but removing all incidents (drivers mistakes and failures of the car)

    • Wins
    • Starts
    • Pole Positions
    • Fastest Laps

    Wins

    by Championship

    Championship Wins
    USAC 1

    by Driver

    Driver Wins
    Eddie Sachs 1

    by Car

    Car Wins
    Hillegass - Offenhauser 1

    Starts

    by Championship

    Championship Starts
    USAC 101
    Non-Championship Races 5
    Formula 1 1

    by Driver

    Driver Starts
    Jim Packard 22
    Cotton Farmer 20
    Bruce Jacobi 7
    Bob Mathouser 6
    Ralph Liguori 5
    Don Freeland 5
    Red Riegel 3
    Bill Puterbaugh 3
    Rollie Beale 3
    Greg Weld 3
    Bob Harkey 3
    Ken Gottschalk 3
    Dee Jones 2
    Tom Hinnershitz 2
    Andy Linden 2
    Dick Rathmann 2
    Shorty Templeman 2
    Eddie Sachs 2
    Don Edmunds 2
    Johnny Tolan 1
    Art Malone 1
    Jiggs Peters 1
    Mario Andretti 1
    Arnie Knepper 1
    Dick Frazier 1
    Bud Tingelstad 1
    Bobby Unser 1
    Jim Hurtubise 1
    Norm Hall 1
    Art Bisch 1

    by Car

    Car Starts
    Meskowski - Offenhauser 61
    Hillegass - Offenhauser 33
    Silnes - Offenhauser 13

    Pole Positions

    by Championship

    Championship Pole Positions

    by Driver

    Driver Pole Positions

    by Car

    Car Pole Positions

    Fastest Laps

    by Championship

    Championship Fastest Laps

    by Driver

    Driver Fastest Laps

    by Car

    Car Fastest Laps

    Lee Glessner's Followers

    Lee Glessner doesn't have any followers yet

    Lee Glessner's Likes

    Lee Glessner has no likes yet

    Edit logo of Lee Glessner

    • All photos must be 200x200, smaller or greater images will be denied
    • We are not allowing images bigger than 200kb
    • Images that contain nudity, sexually-explicit content, gore/violence, or NSBM/Nazi insignia, are not allowed
    • Images with some type of watermark or digital effect added to it, are not allowed
    • Moving (animated) images, are not allowed

    Send logo of Lee Glessner

    • All photos must be 200x200, smaller or greater images will be denied
    • We are not allowing images bigger than 200kb
    • Images that contain nudity, sexually-explicit content, gore/violence, or NSBM/Nazi insignia, are not allowed
    • Images with some type of watermark or digital effect added to it, are not allowed
    • Moving (animated) images, are not allowed